I can’t believe you made that political. But as it happens, those casual workers were ripped off in 2017/18, during a liberal coalition government.

Considering NSW Public Service is explicitly outside the jurisdiction of the Federal Fair Work Act this is going to be an interesting space in industrial relations and politics should it get the attention it deserves.

Generally as with fines it goes to the government body responsible. I will say however it should at least once the investigation is paid for from the fine go to the workers. Eg. The investigation in billable hours to conduct and prosecute within a maximum reasonable amount so as to not allow overcharges by the dept which then as a part of judgemebt is presented to the magistrate to assess and rhe final amounts going to employees.

Sadly this isn’t the case though

The money goes nowhere, it doesn’t get paid

I strongly doubt it. The article mentions that the company has to pay the workers back pay, including superannuation and interest, so I would suggest the “fines” will just go into government coffers.